When a hazard is identified, the next question is what can be changed so people are less likely to be exposed. The hierarchy of controls helps compare options by how much they depend on repeated human action.
Work from stronger controls downward
- Elimination: remove the hazard from the job or design it out.
- Substitution: replace it with a less hazardous material, process or method.
- Engineering: isolate people from the hazard using physical design or equipment.
- Administrative measures: change how the work is planned, organised or communicated.
- Personal protective equipment: protect the worker from residual exposure.
Multiple controls may be needed. The order is a prompt to examine stronger options first, not a substitute for a competent assessment of the task and applicable requirements.
Test the control in context
Ask whether the control addresses the exposure path, whether it can introduce a new hazard, who will maintain it and how the crew will know it is working. A paper procedure may help coordinate a job, but it cannot physically prevent contact with a moving part.
Make it dependable
Involve the people who will use and maintain the control. Define ownership, inspection and what to do if the control is unavailable. Review after changes and learn from failures or workarounds.
Use the pre-task review sheet to record hazards, controls and stop points.
Safety note: General information only; consult current standards, law and competent advice for your setting.